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Properties of substance:

potassium chloride

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

colorless cubic crystals

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

ClK

Structural formula as text:

KCl

Molar/atomic mass: 74.55

Melting point (°C):

776

Boiling point (°C):

1500

CAS №: 7447-40-7

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

1,4-dioxane: 0.0031 (25°C) [Ref.]
1-butanol: 0.83 (20°C) [Ref.]
1-butanol: 0.86 (30°C) [Ref.]
1-butanol: 0.92 (40°C) [Ref.]
1-butanol: 0.94 (50°C) [Ref.]
1-pentanol: 0.0022 (25°C) [Ref.]
1-propanol: 0.004 (25°C) [Ref.]
2-butanol: 0.00084 (25°C) [Ref.]
2-propanol: 0.0023 (25°C) [Ref.]
N-methylformamide: 2.1 (25°C) [Ref.]
acetic acid: 0.195 (24°C) [Ref.]
acetic acid: 0.285 (55°C) [Ref.]
acetic acid: 0.457 (93°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 0.000086 (18°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 0.000091 (25°C) [Ref.]
acetonitrile: 0.0024 (18°C) [Ref.]
acetonitrile: 0.0024 (25°C) [Ref.]
acetonitrile: 0.0006 (25°C) [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 0.078 (-76.6°C) [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 0.193 (-35.2°C) [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 0.132 (0°C) [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 0.04 (25°C) [Ref.]
amyl alcohol: 0.0008 (25°C) [Ref.]
antimony trichloride: soluble [Ref.]
bromine liquid: 0.0055 (25°C) [Ref.]
chlorine liquid: insoluble [Ref.]
deuterium oxide: 21.17 (0°C) [Ref.]
deuterium oxide: 27.88 (20°C) [Ref.]
deuterium oxide: 33.56 (40°C) [Ref.]
deuterium oxide: 48.59 (100°C) [Ref.]
dimethylformamide: 0.05 (25°C) [Ref.]
dimethylformamide: 0.0182 (25°C) [Ref.]
dimethylsulfoxide: 0.196 (25°C) [Ref.]
dimethylsulfoxide: 0.02 (29°C) [Ref.]
dimethylsulfoxide: 0.065 (40.6°C) [Ref.]
dimethylsulfoxide: 0.198 (81.2°C) [Ref.]
ethanol abs.: 0.051 (20°C) [Ref.]
ethanol abs.: 0.048 (25°C) [Ref.]
ethanol abs.: 0.045 (30°C) [Ref.]
ethanol abs.: 0.044 (35°C) [Ref.]
ethanol abs.: 0.04 (40°C) [Ref.]
ethanol abs.: 0.037 (50°C) [Ref.]
ethanol abs.: 0.033 (60°C) [Ref.]
ethanolamine: 0.27 (25°C) [Ref.]
ethyl acetate: insoluble [Ref.]
ethylene glycol : 5.18 (25°C) [Ref.]
ethylenediamine: 0.014 (25°C) [Ref.]
formamide: 6.2 (25°C) [Ref.]
formic acid 95%: 19.4 (19.7°C) [Ref.]
furfural : 0.073 (25°C) [Ref.]
glycerol: 6.7 (25°C) [Ref.]
hydrazine: 9 (20°C) [Ref.]
hydrogen cyanide: sparingly soluble [Ref.]
hydrogen peroxide: 63.3 (0°C) [Ref.]
hydroxylamine: 12.3 (18°C) [Ref.]
i-butanol: 0.002 (25°C) [Ref.]
iodine monochloride: 4.9 (20°C) [Ref.]
iodine monochloride: 8.05 (65°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 0.53 (20°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 0.55 (25°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 0.56 (30°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 0.605 (40°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 0.639 (50°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 0.676 (60°C) [Ref.]
nitrosyl chloride: insoluble [Ref.]
phosphorus(V) trichloride oxide: 0.036 [Ref.]
propylene carbonate: 0.00274 (25°C) [Ref.]
propylene carbonate: 0.00275 (30°C) [Ref.]
propylene carbonate: 0.00271 (35°C) [Ref.]
propylene carbonate: 0.00312 (40°C) [Ref.]
propylene carbonate: 0.00386 (45°C) [Ref.]
pyridine: sparingly soluble [Ref.]
selenium(IV) oxychloride: 2.98 (25°C) [Ref.]
sulfur dioxide: 0.041 (0°C) [Ref.]
tetrahydrofuran: 0.0337 (25°C) [Ref.]
water: 28 (0°C) [Ref.]
water: 31.2 (10°C) [Ref.]
water: 34.4 (20°C) [Ref.]
water: 35.85 (25°C) [Ref.]
water: 37.4 (30°C) [Ref.]
water: 40.3 (40°C) [Ref.]
water: 45.8 (60°C) [Ref.]
water: 51.1 (80°C) [Ref.]
water: 56 (100°C) [Ref.]
water: 68 (150°C) [Ref.]
water: 81.5 (200°C) [Ref.]

Multicomponent solubility (in wt%):

water 40.93%, IPA 53.95%, potassium chloride 5.12%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 54.69%, IPA 36.14%, potassium chloride 9.17%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 68.8%, IPA 13.72%, potassium chloride 17.48%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 68.5%, sodium chloride 23.3%, potassium sulfate 6.1%, potassium chloride 2.1%, 20 °C, separating phase: NaCl + NaK3(SO4)2 [Ref.]

Properties of solutions:

1% (wt.), solvent - water
  Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm) = 15.7 (20°)
10% (wt.), solvent - water
  Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm) = 143. (20°)
20% (wt.), solvent - water
  Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.012 (20°)
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.1328 (20°)
  Index of refraction = 1.3606 (20°)

Numerical data:

Critical relative humidity (%): 84.3

Density:

1.99 (20°C, g/cm3)

Reactions:

  1. [Ref.1]
    Na + KCl → K + NaCl
  2. [Ref.1]
    KCl + 2NO2 → KNO3 + NOCl
  3. [Ref.1]
    KCl + HF → KF + HCl

Refractive index (nD):

1.49 (20°C)

Vapour pressure (Torr):

1 (819°C)
10 (965°C)
100 (1162°C)

Dipole moment (D):

6.3 (750°C)

Viscosity (mPa·s):

1.15 (787°C)
0.92 (857°C)
0.81 (927°C)

Surface tension (mN/m):

100.3 (780°C)
95 (850°C)
85.7 (970°C)

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol):

25.5

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ΔvapH (kJ/mol):

152

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH (298 K, kJ/mol)

-436.5 (s) [Ref.]
-214.6 (g) [Ref.]

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG (298 K, kJ/mol)

-408.5 (s) [Ref.]
-233.3 (g) [Ref.]

Standard molar entropy S (298 K, J/(mol·K))

82.6 (s) [Ref.]
239.1 (g) [Ref.]

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298 K, J/(mol·K))

51.3 (s) [Ref.]
36.5 (g) [Ref.]

Enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol)

26.28 (s) [Ref.]

Enthalpy (heat) of solution ΔsolH (kJ)

17.22 (s) [solvent: water, 25°C, 1 mol in infinite amount of water] [Ref.]

LD50 (mg/kg):

770 (rats, intraperitoneal)
820 (mice, intraperitoneal)

References:

  1. Armarego W. L. F. Purification of Laboratory Chemicals. - 7ed. - 2013. - pp. 599
  2. Indian Journal of Chemistry. Section A. - 2005. - Vol. 44, No. 8. - pp. 1595
  3. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. - 2010. - Vol. 49, No. 10. - pp. 4982
  4. Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and metal organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.1. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1940. - pp. 747-782
  5. Алабышев А.Ф., Грачев К.Я., Зарецкий С.А., Лантратов М.Ф. Натрий и калий (получение, свойства и применение). - Л.: ГНТИХЛ, 1959. - pp. 279-281 [Russian]
  6. Беликов В.Г. Учебное пособие по фармацевтической химии. - М.: Медицина, 1979. - pp. 18 [Russian]
  7. Вредные химические вещества: Неорганические соединения элементов I-IV групп. Справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1988. - pp. 47 [Russian]
  8. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 70 [Russian]
  9. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 679-684, 738-739 [Russian]
  10. Справочник химика. - Т. 3. - М.-Л.: Химия, 1965. - pp. 295 [Russian]
  11. Фурман А.А. Неорганические хлориды (химия и технология). - М.: Химия, 1980. - pp. 43-46 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru