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Properties of substance:

methanol



skc-file

Synonyms:

methyl alcohol

Group of substances:

organic

Physical appearance:

colorless liquid

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

CH4O

Structural formula as text:

CH3OH

Molar/atomic mass: 32.04

Melting point (°C):

-97.88

Boiling point (°C):

64.509

Decomposition temperature (°C):

600

CAS №: 67-56-1

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane: miscible [Ref.]
acetone: miscible [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : miscible [Ref.]
benzene: miscible [Ref.]
chloroform: soluble [Ref.]
diethyl ether: miscible [Ref.]
ethanol: miscible [Ref.]
hydrogen fluoride : very soluble [Ref.]
lithium chlorate fused: soluble [Ref.]
oxygen liquid: 0.0012 (-195.6°C) [Ref.]
water: miscible [Ref.]

Multicomponent solubility (in wt%):

water 15.296%, methanol 61.18%, sodium bromide 23.524%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 32.056%, methanol 32.082%, sodium bromide 35.862%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 48.374%, methanol 5.381%, sodium bromide 46.245%, 25 °C [Ref.]

Properties of solutions:

5% (wt.), solvent - water
  Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.163 (20°)
  Density (g/cm3) = 0.9896 (20°)
  Index of refraction = 1.3341 (20°)
  Freezing point (°C) = -3.02
10% (wt.), solvent - water
  Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.329 (20°)
  Density (g/cm3) = 0.9816 (20°)
  Index of refraction = 1.3354 (20°)
  Freezing point (°C) = -6.6
20% (wt.), solvent - water
  Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.604 (20°)
  Density (g/cm3) = 0.9666 (20°)
  Index of refraction = 1.3381 (20°)
  Freezing point (°C) = -15.3
30% (wt.), solvent - water
  Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.795 (20°)
  Density (g/cm3) = 0.9514 (20°)
  Index of refraction = 1.3407 (20°)
  Freezing point (°C) = -25.91
38% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 0.942 (15,6°)
  Freezing point (°C) = -35.6
39% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 0.9363 (20°)
40% (wt.), solvent - water
  Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.837 (20°)
  Density (g/cm3) = 0.9347 (20°)
  Index of refraction = 1.3425 (20°)
  Freezing point (°C) = -39.7
50% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 0.9156 (20°)
  Index of refraction = 1.3431 (20°)
  Freezing point (°C) = -54.5
60% (wt.), solvent - water
  Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.6 (20°)
  Density (g/cm3) = 0.8944 (20°)
  Index of refraction = 1.3426 (20°)
  Freezing point (°C) = -74.5
68,43% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 0.8714 (25°)
70% (wt.), solvent - water
  Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.368 (20°)
  Density (g/cm3) = 0.8715 (20°)
  Index of refraction = 1.3411 (20°)
73,76% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 0.8581 (25°)
79,74% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 0.8443 (25°)
80% (wt.), solvent - water
  Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.128 (20°)
  Density (g/cm3) = 0.8468 (20°)
  Index of refraction = 1.3385 (20°)
83,26% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 0.8359 (25°)
90% (wt.), solvent - water
  Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.861 (20°)
  Density (g/cm3) = 0.8204 (20°)
  Index of refraction = 1.3348 (20°)
90,83% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 0.8146 (25°)
96,72% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 0.7965 (25°)

Numerical data:

Year of discovery: 1835
Triple point temperature (°C): -97.71

Density:

0.815 (-183°C, g/cm3)
0.8101 (0°C, g/cm3)
0.8008 (10°C, g/cm3)
0.79609 (15°C, g/cm3)
0.7928 (20°C, g/cm3)
0.7825 (30°C, g/cm3)
0.774 (40°C, g/cm3)
0.7676 (45°C, g/cm3)
0.765 (50°C, g/cm3)
0.7555 (60°C, g/cm3)

Reactions:

  1. Yeild 99%. [Ref.1]
    C6H5CH(OH)COOH + CH3OH → C6H5CH(OH)COOCH3 + H2O
  2. Yeild 65%. [Ref.1]
    CH3CH(OH)COOH + CH3OH → CH3CH(OH)COOCH3 + H2O
  3. Yeild 80%. [Ref.1]
    HOCH2COOH + CH3OH → HOCH2COOCH3 + H2O

Refractive index (nD):

1.3286 (20°C)
1.3188 (45°C)

Vapour pressure (Torr):

1 (-44°C)
10 (-16.2°C)
40 (5°C)
100 (21.2°C)
400 (49.9°C)

Electrode potential:

CH3OH + 2H+ + 2e- → CH4 + H2O, E = 0.59 V (water, 25°C)

Dissociation:

pKBH+ (1) = -2 (25°C, water)
pKa (1) = 16 (20°C, water)

Permittivity (dielectric constant):

32.63 (25°C)
37.92 (0°C)

Dipole moment (D):

1.706 (20°C)

Viscosity (mPa·s):

0.793 (0°C)
8.814 (-90°C)
3.943 (-70°C)
2.205 (-50°C)
1.399 (-30°C)
0.946 (-10°C)
0.674 (10°C)
0.581 (20°C)
0.505 (30°C)
0.447 (40°C)
0.396 (50°C)
0.348 (60°C)

Surface tension (mN/m):

24.5 (0°C)
23.5 (10°C)
22.5 (20°C)
21.69 (30°C)
20.9 (40°C)
20.1 (50°C)
19.3 (60°C)

Speed sound (m/s):

1122 (20°C, aggregative state - liquid)
335 (97.1°C, aggregative state - gas)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-239.2 (l)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-166.6 (l)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

126.8 (l)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

81.1 (l)

Flash point (°C):

8

Autoignition temperature (°C):

464

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-201 (g)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-162.3 (g)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

239.9 (g)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

44.1 (g)

Enthalpy (heat) of solution ΔsolH (kJ)

-9.42 (l) [solvent: water, 18°C, 1 mol in infinite amount of water] [Ref.]

Critical temperature (°C):

239.4

Critical pressure (MPa):

8.02

Critical density (g/cm3):

0.272

References:

  1. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. - 90ed. - CRC Press, 2010. - pp. 5-20
  2. Dean J.A. Lange's handbook of chemistry. - 1999. - pp. 5.83
  3. Seidell A. Solubilities of organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.2. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1941. - pp. 43-55
  4. Smallwood I.M. Handbook of organic solvent properties. - 1996. - pp. 61-63
  5. Wilhoit R. C., Zwolinski B. J. Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Aliphatic Alcohols. - American Chemical Society, 1973. - pp. 1-40 - 1-54
  6. Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 229 [Russian]
  7. Караваев М.М., Леонов В.Е., Попов И.Г., Шепелев Е.Т. Технология синтетического метанола. - М.: Химия, 1984 [Russian]
  8. Краткая химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 3: Мальтаза-Пиролиз. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1964. - pp. 190-194 [Russian]
  9. Некрасов Б.В. Основы общей химии. - Т.1. - М.: Химия, 1973. - pp. 557-558 [Russian]
  10. Неотложная помощь при острых отравлениях: Справочник по токсикологии. - Под ред. Голикова С.Н. - М.: Медицина, 1977. - pp. 105 [Russian]
  11. Овчинников В.И., Назимок В.Ф., Симонова Т.А. Производство терефталевой кислоты и ее диметилового эфира. - М.: Химия, 1982. - pp. 229-230 [Russian]
  12. Огородников С.К., Лестева Т.М., Коган В.Б. Азеотропные смеси: Справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1971. - pp. 684-687 [Russian]
  13. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 161 [Russian]
  14. Реутов О.А., Курц А.Л., Бутин К.П. Органическая химия. - 2-е изд., Ч.1. - М.: Бином. Лаборатория знаний, 2005. - pp. 222 [Russian]
  15. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 374 [Russian]
  16. Справочник химика. - 2 изд., Т.1. - Л.-М.: Химия, 1966. - pp. 555 [Russian]
  17. Справочник химика. - Т. 2. - Л.-М.: Химия, 1964. - pp. 786-787 [Russian]
  18. Справочник химика. - Т. 3. - М.-Л.: Химия, 1965. - pp. 380-381 [Russian]
  19. Хёрд Ч.Д. Пиролиз соединений углерода. - Л.-М.: ГОНТИ РКТП СССР, 1938. - pp. 137-138 [Russian]
  20. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 3. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1992. - pp. 63-64 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru