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Properties of substance:

sodium carbonate



skc-file

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

colorless monoclinic crystals

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

CNa2O3

Structural formula as text:

Na2CO3

Molar/atomic mass: 105.99

Melting point (°C):

852

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

N-methylpyrrolidone: 2.02 (room temperature) [Ref.]
acetone: insoluble [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : insoluble [Ref.]
benzonitrile: insoluble [Ref.]
carbon dioxide liquid: insoluble [Ref.]
carbon disulphide: insoluble [Ref.]
dimethylacetamide: 0.22 (room temperature) [Ref.]
dimethylformamide: 0.4 (room temperature) [Ref.]
dimethylformamide: 0.05 (25°C) [Ref.]
dimethylsulfoxide: 1.3 (room temperature) [Ref.]
ethanol: 0.22 (20°C) [Ref.]
ethanol: 0.24 (25°C) [Ref.]
ethanol: 0.297 (35°C) [Ref.]
ethanol 40%: 2.15 (29.7°C) [Ref.]
ethanol 50%: 0.84 (20°C) [Ref.]
ethanol 95%: 0.03 (30°C) [Ref.]
ethyl acetate: insoluble [Ref.]
ethylene glycol : 3.46 (20°C) [Ref.]
glycerol: 98.3 (15°C) [Ref.]
hydrazine: insoluble [Ref.]
methanol: 0.55 (20°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 0.604 (25°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 0.3109 (25°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 0.7 (30°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 0.76 (35°C) [Ref.]
methyl acetate: insoluble [Ref.]
propanol 28%: 4.6 (20°C) [Ref.]
propanol 50%: 1.2 (20°C) [Ref.]
propanol 50%: 1.2 (20°C) [Ref.]
propanol 62%: 0.4 (20°C) [Ref.]
sulfolane: 0.24 (room temperature) [Ref.]
water: 7 (0°C) [Ref.]
water: 12.2 (10°C) [Ref.]
water: 21.8 (20°C) [Ref.]
water: 29.4 (25°C) [Ref.]
water: 39.7 (30°C) [Ref.]
water: 48.8 (40°C) [Ref.]
water: 47.3 (50°C) [Ref.]
water: 46.4 (60°C) [Ref.]
water: 45.1 (80°C) [Ref.]
water: 44.7 (100°C) [Ref.]
water: 42.7 (120°C) [Ref.]
water: 39.3 (140°C) [Ref.]

Multicomponent solubility (in wt%):

water 36.4%, IPA 63.5%, sodium carbonate 0.1%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 51.49%, IPA 47.6%, sodium carbonate 0.91%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 61.86%, IPA 35.8%, sodium carbonate 2.34%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 74.12%, IPA 19.34%, sodium carbonate 6.54%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 78.8%, IPA 1.6%, sodium carbonate 19.6%, 25 °C [Ref.]
(layer 1): water 82.378%, ethanol 3.409%, sodium carbonate 14.213%, (layer 2): water 24.732%, ethanol 75.159%, sodium carbonate 0.109%, 20 °C [Ref.]

Properties of solutions:

10% (wt.), solvent - water
  Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.754 (20°)
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.1029 (20°)
  Index of refraction = 1.3547 (20°)

Hygroscopic:

yes

Density:

2.53 (20°C, g/cm3)

Reactions:

  1. [Ref.1]
    2Cl2 + 2Na2CO3 + H2O → Cl2O + 2NaHCO3 + 2NaCl
    2Cl2 + 2NaHCO3 → Cl2O + 2NaCl + 2CO2 + H2O
  2. [Ref.1]
    Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 → 2NaOH + CaCO3

Viscosity (mPa·s):

3.4 (887°C)
2.32 (927°C)
1.63 (967°C)

Surface tension (mN/m):

211 (870°C)
209.6 (900°C)
207.1 (950°C)
204.6 (1000°C)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH (298 K, kJ/mol)

-1130.7 (s) [Ref.]

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG (298 K, kJ/mol)

-1044.4 (s) [Ref.]

Standard molar entropy S (298 K, J/(mol·K))

135 (s) [Ref.]

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298 K, J/(mol·K))

112.3 (s) [Ref.]

Enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol)

29.7 (s) [Ref.]

LD50 (mg/kg):

4200 (rats, oral)
2210 (mice, subcutaneous)

References:

  1. Comey A. M., Hahn D. A. A dictionary of Chemical Solubilities Inorganic. - 2 ed. - New York, The MacMillan Company, 1921. - pp. 203-209
  2. Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and metal organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.1. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1940. - pp. 1193-1214
  3. Вредные вещества в промышленности: Справочник для химиков, инженеров и врачей. - 7-е изд., Т.3. - Л.: Химия, 1976. - pp. 325-326 [Russian]
  4. Вредные химические вещества: Неорганические соединения элементов I-IV групп. Справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1988. - pp. 36 [Russian]
  5. Ефимов А.И. и др. Свойства неорганических соединений. Справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1983. - pp. 164-165 [Russian]
  6. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 84 [Russian]
  7. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 666 [Russian]
  8. Справочник химика. - Т. 2. - Л.-М.: Химия, 1964. - pp. 144-145 [Russian]
  9. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 3. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1992. - pp. 182-183 [Russian]
  10. Химический энциклопедический словарь. - Под ред. Кнунянц И.Л. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1983. - pp. 363 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru