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Properties of substance:

methane

Group of substances:

organic

Physical appearance:

colorless gas

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

CH4

Structural formula as text:

CH4

Molar/atomic mass: 16.04

Melting point (°C):

-182.48

Boiling point (°C):

-161.49

Decomposition temperature (°C):

1000

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

1-propanol: 0.037 (25°C) [Ref.]
2-propanol: 0.038 (25°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 0.053 (0°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 0.041 (20°C) [Ref.]
benzene: 0.046 (20°C) [Ref.]
carbon tetrachloride: 0.033 (0°C) [Ref.]
carbon tetrachloride: 0.032 (20°C) [Ref.]
carbon tetrachloride: 0.031 (60°C) [Ref.]
diethyl ether: 0.116 (0°C) [Ref.]
dimethylformamide: 0.024 (25°C) [Ref.]
dimethylsulfoxide: insoluble [Ref.]
ethanol: 0.047 (2°C) [Ref.]
ethanol: 0.043 (19°C) [Ref.]
heptane: 0.076 (22°C) [Ref.]
hexane: 0.065 (22°C) [Ref.]
m-xylene: 0.041 (50°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 0.051 (0°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 0.047 (10°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 0.041 (20°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 0.036 (25°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 0.013 (60°C) [Ref.]
methyl acetate: 0.047 (0°C) [Ref.]
methyl acetate: 0.047 (20°C) [Ref.]
monochlorbenzene: 0.032 (0°C) [Ref.]
monochlorbenzene: 0.031 (20°C) [Ref.]
propylene carbonate: 0.013 (100°C) [Ref.]
toluene: 0.037 (50°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.004 (0°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.0034 (5°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.003 (10°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.0026 (15°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.0024 (20°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.0022 (25°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.0012 (100°C) [Ref.]

Density:

0.436 (-170°C, g/cm3)
0.415 (-164°C, g/cm3)
0.0007168 (0°C, g/cm3)

Reactions of synthesis:

  1. [Ref.1]
    CH3(CH2)4COONa + NaOH → CH3(CH2)3CH3 + Na2CO3
  2. [Ref.1, Ref.2]
    CH3COONa + NaOH → CH4 + Na2CO3

Reactions:

  1. Yeild 7-44%. [Ref.1, Ref.2]
    2CH4 → C2H2 + 3H2
  2. Yeild 20%. [Ref.1]
    2CH4 → C2H2 + 3H2
  3. [Ref.1]
    CH4 + PCl3 → CH3PCl2 + HCl
  4. [Ref.1, Ref.2]
    CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl
    CH3Cl + Cl2 → CH2Cl2 + HCl
    CH2Cl2 + Cl2 → CHCl3 + HCl
    CHCl3 + Cl2 → CCl4 + HCl

Vapour pressure (Torr):

1 (-206°C)
10 (-195.4°C)
40 (-187.7°C)
100 (-181.5°C)
400 (-168.8°C)
1520 (-153°C)
3800 (-137.5°C)
7600 (-123.6°C)
15200 (-107°C)

Dissociation:

pKa (1) = 40 (20°C, water)

Permittivity (dielectric constant):

1.7 (-173°C)

Dipole moment (D):

0 (20°C)

Viscosity (mPa·s):

0.00776 (-73°C)
0.00953 (-23°C)
0.0112 (27°C)
0.0142 (127°C)
0.017 (227°C)
0.0194 (327°C)
0.0238 (527°C)
0.0276 (727°C)

Speed sound (m/s):

430 (0°C, aggregative state - gas)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-74.85 (g)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-50.79 (g)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

186.19 (g)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

35.71 (g)

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol):

0.94

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ΔvapH (kJ/mol):

8.178

Heat of combustion (kJ/mol):

882

Gas phase basicity ΔbaseG (298 K, kJ/mol)

-520.6 (g) [Ref.]

Critical temperature (°C):

-82.3

Critical pressure (MPa):

4.71

Critical density (g/cm3):

0.162

References:

  1. Dean J.A. Lange's handbook of chemistry. - 1999. - pp. 1.254
  2. Seidell A. Solubilities of organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.2. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1941. - pp. 37-41
  3. Каррер П. Курс органической химии. - Л.: ГНТИХЛ, 1960. - pp. 30-31, 38-39 [Russian]
  4. Корольченко А.Я., Корольченко Д.А. Пожаровзрывоопасность веществ и материалов и средства их тушения. - 2 изд, Ч.2. - М.: Ассоциация Пожнаука, 2004. - pp. 73 [Russian]
  5. Некрасов Б.В. Основы общей химии. - Т.1. - М.: Химия, 1973. - pp. 531-532 [Russian]
  6. Промышленные хлорорганические продукты: Справочник. - М.: Химия, 1978. - pp. 598-599 [Russian]
  7. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 160 [Russian]
  8. Реми Г. Курс неорганической химии. - Т.1. - М., 1963. - pp. 470-473 [Russian]
  9. Свойства органических соединений: Справочник. - Под ред. Потехина А.А. - Л.: Химия, 1984. - pp. 230-231 [Russian]
  10. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 373 [Russian]
  11. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.2. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1962. - pp. 1023, 1119-1131 [Russian]
  12. Справочник химика. - 2 изд., Т.1. - Л.-М.: Химия, 1966. - pp. 618, 677 [Russian]
  13. Справочник химика. - Т. 2. - Л.-М.: Химия, 1964. - pp. 780-781 [Russian]
  14. Справочник химика. - Т. 3. - М.-Л.: Химия, 1965. - pp. 316-317 [Russian]
  15. Успехи химии. - 1974. - Т.43, №1. - pp. 43-63 [Russian]
  16. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 3. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1992. - pp. 55 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru