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Properties of substance:

potassium cyanide



skc-file

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

colorless cubic crystals

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

CKN

Structural formula as text:

KCN

Molar/atomic mass: 65.12

Melting point (°C):

634.5

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

acetic acid: very soluble [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 4.56 (-33.9°C) [Ref.]
dimethylamine: sparingly soluble [Ref.]
dimethylformamide: 0.22 (25°C) [Ref.]
dimethylsulfoxide: insoluble [Ref.]
ethanol abs.: 0.87 (19.5°C) [Ref.]
ethyl acetate: insoluble [Ref.]
ethylene glycol : soluble with solvolysis [Ref.]
formamide: 12.9 (25°C) [Ref.]
glycerol: 32 (15.5°C) [Ref.]
hydroxylamine: 41 (17.5°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 4.9 (19.5°C) [Ref.]
phosphorus(V) trichloride oxide: 0.044 (20°C) [Ref.]
pyridine: sparingly soluble [Ref.]
sulfur dioxide: 0.017 (0°C) [Ref.]
water: 63 (0°C) [Ref.]
water: 71.6 (25°C) [Ref.]
water: 81 (50°C) [Ref.]
water: 122 (100°C) [Ref.]

Multicomponent solubility (in wt%):

water 79.72%, potassium cyanide 6.75%, silver cyanide 13.53%, 25 °C, separating phase: AgCN [Ref.]
water 73.34%, potassium cyanide 8.93%, silver cyanide 17.73%, 25 °C, separating phase: KAg2(CN)3 * H2O [Ref.]
water 75.33%, potassium cyanide 8.56%, silver cyanide 16.11%, 25 °C, separating phase: KAg(CN)2 [Ref.]
water 58.2%, potassium cyanide 20.14%, silver cyanide 21.66%, 25 °C, separating phase: KAg(CN)2 [Ref.]
water 45.2%, potassium cyanide 28.43%, silver cyanide 26.37%, 25 °C, separating phase: KAg(CN)2 [Ref.]
water 39.63%, potassium cyanide 35.19%, silver cyanide 25.18%, 25 °C, separating phase: K3Ag(CN)4 * H2O [Ref.]
water 48.83%, potassium cyanide 40.24%, silver cyanide 10.93%, 25 °C, separating phase: KCN [Ref.]
water 91.51%, potassium cyanide 2.37%, gold(I) cyanide 6.12%, 25 °C, separating phase: AuCN [Ref.]
water 90.13%, potassium cyanide 7.27%, gold(I) cyanide 2.6%, 25 °C, separating phase: AuCN [Ref.]
water 79.75%, potassium cyanide 4.78%, gold(I) cyanide 15.47%, 25 °C, separating phase: KAu(CN)2 + AuCN [Ref.]
water 83.79%, potassium cyanide 5.19%, gold(I) cyanide 11.02%, 25 °C, separating phase: KAu(CN)2 [Ref.]
water 84.64%, potassium cyanide 7.02%, gold(I) cyanide 8.34%, 25 °C, separating phase: KAu(CN)2 [Ref.]
water 87.37%, potassium cyanide 9.66%, gold(I) cyanide 2.97%, 25 °C, separating phase: KAu(CN)2 [Ref.]
water 74.94%, potassium cyanide 23.79%, gold(I) cyanide 1.27%, 25 °C, separating phase: KAu(CN)2 [Ref.]
water 60.67%, potassium cyanide 38.98%, gold(I) cyanide 0.35%, 25 °C, separating phase: KAu(CN)2 [Ref.]
water 57.85%, potassium cyanide 41.98%, gold(I) cyanide 0.17%, 25 °C, separating phase: KCN + KAu(CN)2 [Ref.]

Hygroscopic:

yes

Density:

1.56 (20°C, g/cm3)

Reactions:

  1. Yeild 90%. [Ref.1aster, Ref.2aster]
    KCN + Br2 → BrCN + KBr
  2. Yeild 80%. [Ref.1aster]
    KCN + I2 → ICN + KI
  3. [Ref.1]
    4Au + 8KCN + O2 + 2H2O → 4K[Au(CN)2] + 4KOH

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-112.5 (s)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-103.9 (s)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

137.03 (s)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

65.06 (s)

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol):

14.6

LD50 (mg/kg):

1.7 (mens, oral)

References:

  1. Armarego W. L. F. Purification of Laboratory Chemicals. - 7ed. - 2013. - pp. 600
  2. Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and organic substances. - 2ed. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1919. - pp. 531
  3. Вредные вещества в промышленности: Справочник для химиков, инженеров и врачей. - 7-е изд., Т.3. - Л.: Химия, 1976. - pp. 265-267 [Russian]
  4. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 70 [Russian]
  5. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 694 [Russian]
  6. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 2. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990. - pp. 291 [Russian]
  7. Химический энциклопедический словарь. - Под ред. Кнунянц И.Л. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1983. - pp. 235 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru