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Properties of substance:

iodine

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

crystals

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

I2

Structural formula as text:

I2

Molar/atomic mass: 253.81

Melting point (°C):

113.5

Boiling point (°C):

184.3


Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

1,2-dichloroethane: 5.43 (25°C) [Ref.]
1-hexanol: very soluble [Ref.]
10% aqueous potassium iodide solution: 160 (20°C) [Ref.]
10% aqueous sodium iodide solution: 0.96 (20°C) [Ref.]
2,2-dimethylbutane: 1.369 (25°C) [Ref.]
2-butanol: 9.7 (25°C) [Ref.]
acetaldehyde: soluble [Ref.]
acetic acid: 1.76 (20°C) [Ref.]
acetic acid: 2.78 (30°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 2.73 (-84°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 6.76 (-75°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 8.83 (-70.5°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 15.06 (-54.75°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 13.5 (-53.5°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 8.6 (-44.5°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 5.3 (-30°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 4.25 (-18°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 2.66 (-5°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 2.56 (0°C) [Ref.]
allyl iodide: soluble [Ref.]
allyl isothiocyanate: soluble [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : soluble [Ref.]
amyl alcohol: very soluble [Ref.]
aniline: soluble [Ref.]
arsenic trichloride: very soluble [Ref.]
arsenic trichloride: 8.42 (0°C) [Ref.]
arsenic trichloride: 11.88 (15°C) [Ref.]
arsenic trichloride: 36.89 (96°C) [Ref.]
benzene: 16.4 (25°C) [Ref.]
benzene: 19.19 (30°C) [Ref.]
benzene: 25.08 (40°C) [Ref.]
benzene: 34.25 (50°C) [Ref.]
benzonitrile: very soluble [Ref.]
bromoethane: 14.6 (25°C) [Ref.]
bromoform: 3.33 (5.6°C) [Ref.]
bromoform: 7.07 (25°C) [Ref.]
carbon dioxide liquid: 0.0232 (-21°C) [Ref.]
carbon dioxide liquid: 0.1759 (20°C) [Ref.]
carbon disulphide: 8.57 (0°C) [Ref.]
carbon disulphide: 17.1 (20°C) [Ref.]
carbon disulphide: 20.4 (25°C) [Ref.]
carbon disulphide: 33.7 (40°C) [Ref.]
carbon tetrachloride: 2.9 (25°C) [Ref.]
chloroform: 0.089 (-60°C) [Ref.]
chloroform: 0.404 (-25°C) [Ref.]
chloroform: 1.24 (0°C) [Ref.]
chloroform: 2.63 (20°C) [Ref.]
chloroform: 3.092 (24°C) [Ref.]
cyclohexane: 2.79 (25°C) [Ref.]
diethyl ether: 15.1 (-108°C) [Ref.]
diethyl ether: 20 (17°C) [Ref.]
diethyl ether: 33.73 (25°C) [Ref.]
diethylene glycol: soluble [Ref.]
dimethylamine: very soluble [Ref.]
dimethylformamide: 25 (25°C) [Ref.]
dimethylsulfoxide: very soluble [Ref.]
ethanol: 20 (15°C) [Ref.]
ethanol: 27.17 (25°C) [Ref.]
ethyl acetate: 12.49 (8°C) [Ref.]
ethyl acetate: 15.7 (25°C) [Ref.]
ethyl acetate: 19.26 (30°C) [Ref.]
ethylene glycol : soluble [Ref.]
fluorine liquid: insoluble [Ref.]
furfural : soluble [Ref.]
glycerol: 0.97 (25°C) [Ref.]
glycerol 86.5%: 0.47 (20°C) [Ref.]
heptane: 1.73 (25°C) [Ref.]
heptane: 4.38 (50°C) [Ref.]
hexane: 13.9 (25°C) [Ref.]
hydrazine: reaction [Ref.]
hydrogen chloride liquid anhydrous: soluble [Ref.]
hydrogen fluoride : insoluble [Ref.]
i-butanol: 9.7 (25°C) [Ref.]
iodine pentafluoride: soluble [Ref.]
kerosene: soluble [Ref.]
mesitylene: 25.31 (25°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 23.35 (25°C) [Ref.]
methyl acetate: soluble [Ref.]
methyl nitrate: soluble [Ref.]
methyl salicylate: soluble [Ref.]
methylamine: very soluble [Ref.]
methylene iodide: very soluble [Ref.]
nitrobenzene: 4.22 (16°C) [Ref.]
nitrogen dioxide : very soluble [Ref.]
p-xylene: 19.83 (25°C) [Ref.]
pentane: 0.605 (0°C) [Ref.]
pentane: 1.377 (19°C) [Ref.]
perfluoro-n-heptane: 0.0119 (25°C) [Ref.]
perfluoro-n-heptane: 0.0187 (35°C) [Ref.]
perfluorotributylamine: 0.008776 (25°C) [Ref.]
perfluorotributylamine: 0.01445 (35°C) [Ref.]
perfluorotributylamine: 0.02547 (45°C) [Ref.]
propionitrile: 14.1 (25°C) [Ref.]
quinoline: soluble [Ref.]
sulfur dichloride: soluble [Ref.]
sulfur dioxide: soluble [Ref.]
sulfur monochloride: soluble [Ref.]
sulfuric acid 83%: 0.36 [Ref.]
sulfuryl chloride: soluble [Ref.]
toluene: 18.25 (25°C) [Ref.]
triethylene glycol: soluble [Ref.]
trimethylamine: sparingly soluble [Ref.]
valeric acid: soluble [Ref.]
water: 0.016 (0°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.028 (20°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.034 (25°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.0549 (40°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.096 (60°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.45 (100°C) [Ref.]

Numerical data:

Year of discovery: 1811
Triple point temperature (°C): 116
Triple point pressure (torr): 90

Density:

4.94 (20°C, g/cm3)
4.866 (60°C, g/cm3)
3.96 (120°C, g/cm3)

Reactions:

  1. [Ref.1, Ref.2]
    I2 + 5F2 → 2IF5
  2. Yeild 75-84%. [Ref.1]
    C6H5NH2 + I2 + NaHCO3 → IC6H4NH2 + NaI + CO2 + H2O
  3. Yeild 95%. [Ref.1]
    CH2=CHCH=CH2 + I2 → ICH2CH=CHCH2I
  4. Yeild 100%. [Ref.1]
    2KCNO + 2I2 + H2SO4 → 2I2C=NOH + K2SO4
  5. Yeild 80%. [Ref.1aster]
    KCN + I2 → ICN + KI
  6. [Ref.1]
    Hg + I2 → HgI2
  7. [Ref.1]
    Fe + I2 + 4H2O → FeI2 * 4H2O
  8. [Ref.1]
    2Au + I2 + 2KI → 2K[AuI2]
  9. [Ref.1, Ref.2]
    SO2 + I2 + 2H2O → H2SO4 + 2HI
  10. [Ref.1aster, Ref.2aster, Ref.3aster, Ref.4aster, Ref.5aster, Ref.6]
    H2 + I2 → 2HI
  11. [Ref.1aster, Ref.2aster, Ref.3aster, Ref.4aster]
    2P + 5I2 + 8H2O → 2H3PO4 + 10HI
  12. [Ref.1aster, Ref.2aster, Ref.3aster]
    H2S + I2 → 2HI + S
  13. [Ref.1aster]
    2N3CSSNa + I2 → N3C(S)SSC(S)N3 + 2NaI
  14. [Ref.1aster]
    2Sb + 3I2 → 2SbI3
  15. [Ref.1aster]
    I2 + Cl2 → 2ICl
  16. [Ref.1aster]
    I2 + 3Cl2 → 2ICl3
  17. [Ref.1]
    AuCl3 + 2I2 → AuI + 3ICl
  18. [Ref.1]
    KI + I2 → KI3
  19. [Ref.1]
    I2 + 2AgClO4 → AgI + IClO4 * AgClO4
  20. [Ref.1aster]
    KI + I2 + H2O → KI3 * H2O

Half-life:

10853I = 26.4 ms (α (about 99.50%), p (about 0.5%) )
10953I = 92.8 μs (p (99.986%), α (0.014%))
11053I = 664 ms (β+ (83%), α (17%), β+p (11%), β+α (1.1%))
11153I = 2.5 s (β+ (about 100%), α (about 0.1%))
11253I = 3.34 s (β+ (about 100%), α (0.0012%), β+p (0.88%))
11353I = 6.6 s (β+ (100%), α (0.000000331%))
11453I = 2.1 s (β+ (100%))
114m53I = 6.2 s (β+ (91%), internal transition (9%))
11553I = 1.3 min (β+ (100%))
11653I = 2.91 s (β+ (100%))
116m53I = 3.27 μs (internal transition (100%))
11753I = 2.22 min (β+ (100%))
11853I = 13.7 min (β+ (100%))
118m53I = 8.5 min (β+ (100%))
11953I = 19.1 min (β+ (51%), electron capture (49%))
12053I = 81.6 min (β+ (100%))
120m53I = 228 ns (internal transition (100%))
120n53I = 53 min (β+ (100%))
12153I = 2.12 h (β+ (100%))
121m53I = 9.0 μs (internal transition (100%))
12253I = 3.63 min (β+ (100%))
12353I = 13.2235 h (β+ (100%))
12453I = 4.1760 d (β+ (100%))
12553I = 59.400 d (electron capture (100%))
12653I = 12.93 d (β+ (52.7%), β- (47.3%))
12753I = stable ( (isotopic abundance 100%))
12853I = 24.99 min (β- (93.1%), β+ (6.9%))
128m53I = 845 ns (internal transition (100%))
128n53I = 175 ns (internal transition (100%))
12953I = 15 700 000 y (β- (100%))
13053I = 12.36 h (β- (100%))
13153I = 8.0252 d (β- (100%))
13253I = 2.295 h (β- (100%))
132m53I = 1.387 h (internal transition (86%), β- (14%))
13353I = 20.83 h (β- (100%))
133m53I = 9 s (internal transition (100%))
133n53I = 170 ns (internal transition (100%))
133p53I = 780 ns (internal transition (100%))
133q53I = 469 ns (internal transition (100%))
13453I = 52.5 min (β- (100%))
134m53I = 3.52 min (internal transition (97.7%), β- (2.3%))
13553I = 6.58 h (β- (100%))
13653I = 83.4 s (β- (100%))
136m53I = 46.9 s (β- (100%))
13753I = 24.13 s (β- (100%), β-n (7.76%))
13853I = 6.23 s (β- (100%), β-n (5.46%))
138m53I = 1.26 μs (internal transition (100%))
13953I = 2.280 s (β- (100%), β-n (9.74%))
14053I = 588 ms (β- (100%), β-n (7.60%))
14153I = 420 ms (β- (100%), β-n (21.2%))
14253I = 235 ms (β- (100%), β-n)
14353I = 182 ms (β- (100%), β-n)
14453I = 94 ms (β- (100%), β-n)
14553I = 89.7 ms (β- (100%), β-n)
14653I = 94 ms (β- (100%), β-n)

Vapour pressure (Torr):

0.000000001 (-104°C)
0.00000001 (-95°C)
0.0000001 (-85°C)
0.000001 (-74°C)
0.00001 (-61.3°C)
0.0001 (-46.9°C)
0.001 (-30.2°C)
0.01 (-10.8°C)
0.03 (0°C)
0.1 (12.1°C)
0.131 (15°C)
0.31 (25°C)
1 (39.4°C)
2.154 (50°C)
10 (73.2°C)
15.15 (80.4°C)
87 (113.8°C)
100 (115.8°C)
142.9 (127.1°C)
505.5 (169.4°C)
764.2 (184.4°C)

Electrode potential:

I2(ж.) + 2e- → 2I-, E = 0.536 V (water, 25°C)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

0 (s)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

0 (s)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

116.15 (s)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

54.43 (s)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

62.4 (g)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

260.6 (g)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

36.89 (g)

LD50 (mg/kg):

1000 (mice, oral)

Critical temperature (°C):

553

References:

  1. Comey A. M., Hahn D. A. A dictionary of Chemical Solubilities Inorganic. - 2 ed. - New York, The MacMillan Company, 1921. - pp. 408-416
  2. Kaiho T. Iodine chemistry and applications. - Wiley, 2015
  3. Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and metal organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.1. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1940. - pp. 654-678
  4. Государственная фармакопея СССР. - 10-е изд. - М.: Медицина, 1968. - pp. 375-376 [Russian]
  5. Гринвуд Н., Эрншо А. Химия элементов. - Т.2. - М.: БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний, 2008. - pp. 208 [Russian]
  6. Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 48, 50 [Russian]
  7. Девяткин В.В., Ляхова Ю.М. Химия для любознательных, или о чем не узнаешь на уроке. - Ярославль: Академия Холдинг, 2000. - pp. 29 [Russian]
  8. Некрасов Б.В. Основы общей химии. - Т.1. - М.: Химия, 1973. - pp. 274-276 [Russian]
  9. Позин М.Е. Технология минеральных солей (удобрений, пестицидов, промышленных солей, окислов и кислот). - Ч.1. - Л.: Химия, 1974. - pp. 237-256 [Russian]
  10. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 65 [Russian]
  11. Реми Г. Курс неорганической химии. - Т.1. - М., 1963. - pp. 825-839 [Russian]
  12. Скурихин И.М., Нечаев А.П. Все о пище с точки зрения химика. - М.: Высшая школа, 1991. - pp. 220-273 [Russian]
  13. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 623-636 [Russian]
  14. Справочник химика. - Т. 3. - М.-Л.: Химия, 1965. - pp. 303 [Russian]
  15. Химическая технология неорганических веществ. - Кн.2, под ред. Ахметова Т.Г. - М.: Высшая школа, 2002. - pp. 343-365 [Russian]
  16. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 2. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990. - pp. 251-252 [Russian]
  17. Энциклопедия для детей. - Т.17: Химия. - М.: Аванта+, 2004. - pp. 83, 246-247 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru