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Properties of substance:

urea



skc-file

Group of substances:

organic

Physical appearance:

colorless crystals

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

CH4N2O

Structural formula as text:

H2NCONH2

Molar/atomic mass: 60.055

Melting point (°C):

132.7

CAS №: 57-13-6

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane: sparingly soluble [Ref.]
1-octanol: 0.6 (20°C) [Ref.]
1-propanol: 1.65 (0°C) [Ref.]
1-propanol: 2 (10°C) [Ref.]
1-propanol: 2.56 (20°C) [Ref.]
1-propanol: 3.6 (30°C) [Ref.]
1-propanol: 4.8 (40°C) [Ref.]
1-propanol: 6.2 (50°C) [Ref.]
1-propanol: 7.7 (60°C) [Ref.]
1-propanol: 9.8 (70°C) [Ref.]
1-propanol: 12.3 (80°C) [Ref.]
1-propanol: 17 (90°C) [Ref.]
1-propanol: 18.06 (98°C) [Ref.]
2-propanol: 2.6 (20°C) [Ref.]
acrylic acid 70,91%: 97.043 (35°C) [Ref.]
acrylic acid 70,91%: 119.7 (50°C) [Ref.]
acrylic acid 70,91%: 172.32 (70°C) [Ref.]
allyl alcohol: 9.37 (19.4°C) [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 25.1 (-26.6°C) [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 63.52 (5.8°C) [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 107.6 (23.9°C) [Ref.]
benzene: slightly soluble [Ref.]
chloroform: insoluble [Ref.]
diethyl ether: 0.00056 (20°C) [Ref.]
ethanol: 2.6 (0°C) [Ref.]
ethanol: 4 (10°C) [Ref.]
ethanol: 5.4 (20°C) [Ref.]
ethanol: 6.73 (20°C) [Ref.]
ethanol: 6.2 (25°C) [Ref.]
ethanol: 7.2 (30°C) [Ref.]
ethanol: 9.3 (40°C) [Ref.]
ethanol: 9.16 (40°C) [Ref.]
ethanol: 11.7 (50°C) [Ref.]
ethanol: 15.1 (60°C) [Ref.]
ethanol: 20.2 (70°C) [Ref.]
ethyl acetate: 0.08 (25°C) [Ref.]
ethylene glycol : 44 (25°C) [Ref.]
glycerol: 50 (15°C) [Ref.]
glycerol 74,72%: 69.58 (35°C) [Ref.]
glycerol 74,72%: 93.37 (50°C) [Ref.]
glycerol 74,72%: 110.35 (60°C) [Ref.]
glycerol 74,72%: 145.77 (70°C) [Ref.]
hydrogen fluoride : very soluble [Ref.]
i-amyl alcohol: 0.7 (10°C) [Ref.]
i-amyl alcohol: 1.2 (20°C) [Ref.]
i-amyl alcohol: 1.6 (30°C) [Ref.]
i-amyl alcohol: 2.1 (40°C) [Ref.]
i-amyl alcohol: 5.5 (90°C) [Ref.]
i-butanol: 6.2 (20°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 3.48 (-18.1°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 15 (0°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 22 (20°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 62.8 (60°C) [Ref.]
pyridine: 0.96 (25°C) [Ref.]
pyridine 50% aq.: 21.53 (20°C) [Ref.]
sulfur dioxide: soluble [Ref.]
water: miscible [Ref.]
water: 67 (0°C) [Ref.]
water: 84 (10°C) [Ref.]
water: 104.7 (20°C) [Ref.]
water: 136 (30°C) [Ref.]
water: 165.4 (39.7°C) [Ref.]
water: 205 (50°C) [Ref.]
water: 206.4 (50.6°C) [Ref.]
water: 246 (60°C) [Ref.]
water: 295 (68.5°C) [Ref.]
water: 314.6 (70°C) [Ref.]
water: 400 (80°C) [Ref.]
water: 525 (90°C) [Ref.]
water: 733 (100°C) [Ref.]
water: 2122 (120°C) [Ref.]

Multicomponent solubility (in wt%):

water 43.1%, urea 55.8%, calcium sulfate 1.1%, 25 °C, separating phase: (NH2)2CO + CaSO4 * 4(NH2)2CO [Ref.]
water 47.1%, urea 51.5%, calcium sulfate 1.4%, 25 °C, separating phase: CaSO4 * 2H2O + CaSO4 * 4(NH2)2CO [Ref.]

Properties of solutions:

10% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.0255 (20°)
  Boiling point (°C) = 100.8
20% (wt.), solvent - water
  Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.185 (20°)
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.052 (20°)
  Boiling point (°C) = 102.2
30% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.081 (20°)
  Boiling point (°C) = 103.7
40% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.1085 (20°)
  Boiling point (°C) = 105.4
44% (wt.), solvent - water
  Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.7 (20°)
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.1239 (20°)
  Index of refraction = 1.4018 (20°)
  Freezing point (°C) = -17.62

Numerical data:

Year of discovery: 1773
Critical relative humidity (%): 75.6
Bitter taste threshold concentrations (mM): 100

Not numerical data:

hygroscopic

Density:

1.33 (25°C, g/cm3)

Reactions:

  1. Yeild 68%. [Ref.1]
    24(NH2)2CO + 9Cl2 → 18NH4Cl + 3N2 + 8(CONH)3
  2. [Ref.1]
    CO(NH2)2 + Na → NaOH + H2NCN

Refractive index (nD):

1.484 (20°C)

Dissociation:

pKBH+ (1) = 0.1 (21°C, water)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-333.3 (s)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-197.3 (s)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

104.67 (s)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

93.198 (s)

References:

  1. Seidell A. Solubilities of organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.2. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1941. - pp. 55-62
  2. Yalkowsky S.H., Yan H. Handbook of aqueous solubility data. - CRC Press, 2003. - pp. 10
  3. Вирпша З., Бжезиньский Я. Аминопласты. - М.: Химия, 1973. - pp. 13-18 [Russian]
  4. Вредные вещества в промышленности: Справочник для химиков, инженеров и врачей. - 7-е изд., Т.2. - Л.: Химия, 1976. - pp. 48 [Russian]
  5. Гордон А., Форд Р. Спутник химика. - М.: Мир, 1976. - pp. 73 [Russian]
  6. Горловский Д.М., Альтшулер Л.Н., Кучерявый В.И. Технология карбамида. - Л.: Химия, 1981 [Russian]
  7. Зотов А.Т. Мочевина. - М.: ГНТИХЛ, 1963 [Russian]
  8. Каррер П. Курс органической химии. - Л.: ГНТИХЛ, 1960. - pp. 2 [Russian]
  9. Краткая химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 3: Мальтаза-Пиролиз. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1964. - pp. 328-331 [Russian]
  10. Некрасов Б.В. Основы общей химии. - Т.1. - М.: Химия, 1973. - pp. 510 [Russian]
  11. Позин М.Е. Технология минеральных солей (удобрений, пестицидов, промышленных солей, окислов и кислот). - Ч.2. - Л.: Химия, 1974. - pp. 1282-1302 [Russian]
  12. Справочник азотчика. - М.: Химия, 1987. - pp. 247-288 [Russian]
  13. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 374-375 [Russian]
  14. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.2. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1962. - pp. 1132-1133, 1154-1158 [Russian]
  15. Справочник химика. - Т. 2. - Л.-М.: Химия, 1964. - pp. 800-801 [Russian]
  16. Успехи химии. - 1965. - Т.34, №12. - pp. 2124-2143 [Russian]
  17. Хёрд Ч.Д. Пиролиз соединений углерода. - Л.-М.: ГОНТИ РКТП СССР, 1938. - pp. 599-600 [Russian]
  18. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 3. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1992. - pp. 144-145 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru