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Properties of substance:

californium

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

metal

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

Cf

Structural formula as text:

Cf

Molar/atomic mass: 251

Melting point (°C):

900

Boiling point (°C):

1227

Numerical data:

Year of discovery: 1950

Half-life:

23898Cf = 21.1 ms (spontaneous fission (about 100%))
23998Cf = 60 s ()
24098Cf = 1.06 min (spontaneous fission (about 98%), α (about 2%))
24198Cf = 3.8 min (β+ (about 75%), α (about 25%))
24298Cf = 3.49 min (α (about 80%))
24398Cf = 10.7 min (β+ (about 86%), α (about 14%))
24498Cf = 19.4 min (α (about 100%))
24598Cf = 45 min (β+ (64%), α (36%))
24698Cf = 35.7 h (α (about 100%))
24798Cf = 3.11 h (electron capture (about 100%), α (0.035%))
24898Cf = 334 d (α (about 100%), spontaneous fission (0.0029%))
24998Cf = 351 y (α (about 100%), spontaneous fission (0.0000005%))
25098Cf = 13.08 y (α (about 100%), spontaneous fission (0.077%))
25198Cf = 900 y (α (about 100%))
25298Cf = 2.645 y (α (96.908%), spontaneous fission (3.092%))
25398Cf = 17.81 d (β- (about 100%), α (0.31%))
25498Cf = 60.5 d (spontaneous fission (about 100%), α (0.31%))
25598Cf = 85 min (β- (about 100%))
25698Cf = 12.3 min (spontaneous fission (about 100%))

Electrode potential:

Cf3+ + 3e- → Cf, E = -1.91 V (water, 25°C)
Cf4+ + e- → Cf3+, E = 3.1 V (water, 25°C)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

0 (s)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

0 (s)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

77 (s)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

29 (s)

ΔHsublimation (kJ/mol):

163

References:

  1. Бекман И.Н. Радиохимия. Том II: Радиоактивные элементы. - М.: Издатель Мархитин П.Ю., 2014. - pp. 356-360 [Russian]
  2. Вредные химические вещества: Радиоактивные вещества. Справочник. - Л., 1990. - pp. 224-225 [Russian]
  3. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 2. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990. - pp. 286-287 [Russian]
  4. Химия актиноидов. - Т.2. - М.: Мир, 1997. - pp. 558-574 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru