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Properties of substance:
thullium
Group of substances:
inorganic
Physical appearance:
hexagonal metal
Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):
Tm
Structural formula as text:
Tm
Molar/atomic mass: 168.93
Melting point (°C):
1545
Boiling point (°C):
1950
Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):
water
: reaction [
Ref.
]
Numerical data:
Year of discovery: 1879
Density:
9.32 (20°C, g/cm
3
)
Half-life:
144
69
Tm = 2.3 μs ()
145
69
Tm = 3.17 μs (p (100%))
146
69
Tm = 155 ms (p (about 100%))
146m
69
Tm = 75 ms (p (about 100%))
146n
69
Tm = 200 ms ()
147
69
Tm = 580 ms (β
+
(85%), p (15%))
147m
69
Tm = 360 μs (p (100%))
148
69
Tm = 700 ms (β
+
(85%), p (?))
149
69
Tm = 900 ms (β
+
(85%), p (0.26%))
150m
69
Tm = 2.20 s (β
+
(85%), p (1.2%))
150n
69
Tm = 5.2 ms (internal transition (100%))
151
69
Tm = 4.17 s (β
+
(100%))
151m
69
Tm = 6.6 s (β
+
(100%))
151n
69
Tm = 451 ns (internal transition (100%))
152
69
Tm = 8.0 s (β
+
(100%))
152m
69
Tm = 5.2 s (β
+
(100%))
152n
69
Tm = 294 ns (internal transition (100%))
153
69
Tm = 1.48 s (α (91%), β
+
(9%))
153m
69
Tm = 2.5 s (α (92%))
154
69
Tm = 8.1 s (α (54%), β
+
(46%))
154m
69
Tm = 3.30 s (α (58%), β
+
(42%))
155
69
Tm = 21.6 s (β
+
(99.11%), α (0.89%))
155m
69
Tm = 45 s (β
+
(> 92%), α (< 8%))
156
69
Tm = 83.8 s (β
+
(about 100%), α (0.064%))
156m
69
Tm = 400 ns (internal transition (100%))
157
69
Tm = 3.63 min (β
+
(100%))
158
69
Tm = 3.98 min (β
+
(100%))
158m
69
Tm = 20 ns ()
159
69
Tm = 9.13 min (β
+
(100%))
160
69
Tm = 9.4 min (β
+
(100%))
160m
69
Tm = 74.5 s (internal transition (85%), β
+
(15%))
160n
69
Tm = 200 ns (internal transition (100%))
161
69
Tm = 30.2 min (β
+
(100%))
161n
69
Tm = 110 ns (internal transition (100%))
162
69
Tm = 21.70 min (β
+
(100%))
162m
69
Tm = 24.3 s (β
+
(19%))
163
69
Tm = 1.810 h (β
+
(100%))
163m
69
Tm = 380 ns (internal transition (100%))
164
69
Tm = 2.0 min (electron capture (61%), β
+
(39%))
164m
69
Tm = 5.1 min (internal transition (about 80%), β
+
(about 20%))
165
69
Tm = 30.06 h (β
+
(100%))
165m
69
Tm = 80 μs (internal transition (100%))
165n
69
Tm = 9.0 μs (internal transition (100%))
166
69
Tm = 7.70 h (β
+
(100%))
166m
69
Tm = 348 ms (internal transition (100%))
166n
69
Tm = 2 μs (internal transition (100%))
167
69
Tm = 9.25 d (electron capture (100%))
167m
69
Tm = 1.16 μs (internal transition (100%))
167n
69
Tm = 900 ns (internal transition (100%))
168
69
Tm = 93.1 d (β
+
(about 100%), β
-
(0.010%))
169
69
Tm = stable ( (isotopic abundance 100%))
169m
69
Tm = 659.9 ns (internal transition (100%))
170
69
Tm = 128.6 d (β
-
(about 100%), electron capture (0.131%))
170m
69
Tm = 4.12 μs (internal transition (100%))
171
69
Tm = 1.92 y (β
-
(100%))
171m
69
Tm = 2.60 μs (internal transition (100%))
171n
69
Tm = 1.7 μs (internal transition (100%))
172
69
Tm = 63.6 h (β
-
(100%))
172m
69
Tm = 132 μs (internal transition (100%))
173
69
Tm = 8.24 h (β
-
(100%))
173m
69
Tm = 10.7 μs (internal transition (100%))
173n
69
Tm = 250 ns (internal transition (100%))
173p
69
Tm = 121 ns (internal transition (100%))
174
69
Tm = 5.4 min (β
-
(100%))
174m
69
Tm = 2.29 s (internal transition (> 98.5%), β
-
(< 1.5%))
175
69
Tm = 15.2 min (β
-
(100%))
175m
69
Tm = 319 ns (internal transition (100%))
175n
69
Tm = 21 μs (internal transition (100%))
176
69
Tm = 1.85 min (β
-
(100%))
177
69
Tm = 90 s (β
-
(100%))
Electrode potential:
Tm
3+
+ 3e
-
→ Tm, E = -2.278 V (water, 25°C)
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ
f
G
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
71.5 (s)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
26.98 (s)
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
232 (g)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
190 (g)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
20.8 (g)
Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion Δ
fus
H (kJ/mol):
16.9
Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ
vap
H (kJ/mol):
191
References:
Волков В.А., Вонский Е.В., Кузнецова Г.И. Выдающиеся химики мира. - М.: Высшая школа, 1991. - pp. 208-209 [Russian]
Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 51 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 105 [Russian]
Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 5. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1999. - pp. 16 [Russian]
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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru
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