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Properties of substance:
europium
Group of substances:
inorganic
Physical appearance:
gray cubic metal
Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):
Eu
Structural formula as text:
Eu
Molar/atomic mass: 151.96
Melting point (°C):
826
Boiling point (°C):
1560
Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):
ammonia liquid
: soluble [
Ref.
]
mercury
: 0.114 (20°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
Numerical data:
Year of discovery: 1901
Density:
5.24 (20°C, g/cm
3
)
Half-life:
130
63
Eu = 1.0 ms (p (about 100%))
131
63
Eu = 17.8 ms (p (89%))
134
63
Eu = 500 ms (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (?))
135
63
Eu = 1.5 s (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (?))
136
63
Eu = 3.3 s (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (0.09%))
136m
63
Eu = 3.8 s (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (0.09%))
137
63
Eu = 8.4 s (β
+
(100%))
138
63
Eu = 12.1 s (β
+
(100%))
139
63
Eu = 17.9 s (β
+
(100%))
139m
63
Eu = 10 μs (internal transition (100%))
140
63
Eu = 1.51 s (β
+
(100%))
140m
63
Eu = 125 ms (internal transition (about 100%))
140n
63
Eu = 299.8 ns (internal transition (100%))
141
63
Eu = 40.7 s (β
+
(100%))
141m
63
Eu = 2.7 s (internal transition (86%), β
+
(14%))
142
63
Eu = 2.36 s (β
+
(100%))
142m
63
Eu = 1.223 min (β
+
(100%))
143
63
Eu = 2.59 min (β
+
(100%))
143m
63
Eu = 50.0 μs (internal transition (100%))
144
63
Eu = 10.2 s (β
+
(100%))
144m
63
Eu = 1.0 μs (internal transition (100%))
145
63
Eu = 5.93 d (β
+
(100%))
145m
63
Eu = 490 ns (internal transition (100%))
146
63
Eu = 4.61 d (β
+
(100%))
146m
63
Eu = 235 μs (internal transition (100%))
147
63
Eu = 24.1 d (β
+
(about 100%), α (0.0022%))
147m
63
Eu = 765 ns (internal transition (100%))
148
63
Eu = 54.5 d (β
+
(about 100%), α (0.000 000 94%))
148m
63
Eu = 162 ns (internal transition (100%))
149
63
Eu = 93.1 d (electron capture (100%))
149m
63
Eu = 2.45 μs (internal transition (100%))
150
63
Eu = 36.9 y (β
+
(100%))
150m
63
Eu = 12.8 hasа (β
-
(89%), β
+
(11%), internal transition)
151
63
Eu = 4.6 · 10
18
y (α (100%) (isotopic abundance 47,81%))
151m
63
Eu = 58.9 μs (internal transition (100%))
152
63
Eu = 13.517 y (β
+
(72.08%), β
-
(27.92%))
152m
63
Eu = 9.3116 h (β
-
(73%), β
+
(27%))
152n
63
Eu = 940 ns (internal transition (100%))
152p
63
Eu = 165 ns (internal transition (100%))
152q
63
Eu = 384 ns (internal transition (100%))
152r
63
Eu = 95.8 min (internal transition (100%))
153
63
Eu = stable ( (isotopic abundance 52,19%))
153m
63
Eu = 475 ns (internal transition (100%))
154
63
Eu = 8.601 y (β
-
(about 100%), electron capture (0.018%))
154m
63
Eu = 2.2 μs (internal transition (100%))
154n
63
Eu = 46.3 min (internal transition (100%))
155
63
Eu = 4.741 y (β
-
(100%))
156
63
Eu = 15.19 d (β
-
(100%))
157
63
Eu = 15.18 hasа (β
-
(100%))
158
63
Eu = 45.9 min (β
-
(100%))
159
63
Eu = 18.1 min (β
-
(100%))
160
63
Eu = 42.4 s (β
-
(100%))
160m
63
Eu = 29.9 s (β
-
(100%))
161
63
Eu = 26.2 s (β
-
(100%))
162
63
Eu = 11 s (β
-
(100%))
162m
63
Eu = 7.5 s (β
-
(100%))
163
63
Eu = 7.7 s (β
-
(100%))
164
63
Eu = 4.15 s (β
-
(100%))
165
63
Eu = 2.53 s (β
-
(100%), β
-
n)
166
63
Eu = 1.24 s (β
-
(100%), β
-
n)
167
63
Eu = 1.33 s (β
-
(100%), β
-
n)
168
63
Eu = 200 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n)
Vapour pressure (Torr):
0.01 (608°C)
0.1 (702°C)
1 (820°C)
100 (1200°C)
Electrode potential:
Eu
2+
+ 2e
-
→ Eu, E = -3.395 V (water, 25°C)
Eu
3+
+ e
-
→ Eu
2+
, E = -0.429 V (water, 25°C)
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ
f
G
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
77.8 (s)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
27.7 (s)
Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion Δ
fus
H (kJ/mol):
9.2
Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ
vap
H (kJ/mol):
147
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
178 (g)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
188.7 (g)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
20.8 (g)
References:
Sinha S.P. Europium. - New York, 1967
Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 50 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 62 [Russian]
Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 2. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990. - pp. 126 [Russian]
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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru
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