lanthanum

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Properties of substance:

lanthanum

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

hexagonal metal

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

Structural formula as text:

Molar/atomic mass: 138.91

Melting point (°C):

920

Boiling point (°C):

3950

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

gallium: 1 (500°C) [Ref.]
mercury: 0.0045 (0°C) [Ref.]
mercury: 0.0096 (25°C) [Ref.]
mercury: 0.0171 (50°C) [Ref.]
water: reaction [Ref.]

Numerical data:

Year of discovery: 1839
Superconducting temperature (K): 4.88 (α-form)
Superconducting temperature (K): 6 (β-form)

Density:

6.16 (20°C, g/cm³)

Half-life:

¹¹⁷₅₇La = 21.7 ms ()
^117m₅₇La = 10 ms ()
¹²⁰₅₇La = 2.8 s (β⁺ (100%), β⁺p (?))
¹²¹₅₇La = 5.3 s (β⁺ (100%), β⁺p (?))
¹²²₅₇La = 8.6 s (β⁺ (100%), β⁺p (?))
¹²³₅₇La = 17 s (β⁺ (100%))
¹²⁴₅₇La = 29.21 s (β⁺ (100%))
^124m₅₇La = 21 s (β⁺ (100%))
¹²⁵₅₇La = 64.8 s (β⁺ (100%))
^125m₅₇La = 390 ms (internal transition (100%))
¹²⁶₅₇La = 54 s (β⁺ (100%))
^126m₅₇La = 20 s (β⁺ (100%))
¹²⁷₅₇La = 5.1 min (β⁺ (100%))
^127m₅₇La = 3.7 min (β⁺ (about 100%))
¹²⁸₅₇La = 5.18 min (β⁺ (100%))
¹²⁹₅₇La = 11.6 min (β⁺ (100%))
^129m₅₇La = 560 ms (internal transition (100%))
¹³⁰₅₇La = 8.7 min (β⁺ (100%))
^130m₅₇La = 760 ns (internal transition (100%))
¹³⁰ⁿ₅₇La = 33 ns (internal transition (100%))
¹³¹₅₇La = 59 min (β⁺ (100%))
^131m₅₇La = 170 μs (internal transition (100%))
¹³²₅₇La = 4.8 h (β⁺ (100%))
^132m₅₇La = 24.3 min (internal transition (76%), β⁺ (24%))
¹³³₅₇La = 3.192 h (β⁺ (100%))
¹³⁴₅₇La = 6.45 min (β⁺ (100%))
^134m₅₇La = 29 μs (internal transition (100%))
¹³⁵₅₇La = 19.5 h (β⁺ (100%))
¹³⁶₅₇La = 9.87 min (β⁺ (100%))
^136m₅₇La = 114 ms (internal transition (100%))
¹³⁷₅₇La = 60 000 y (electron capture (100%))
^137m₅₇La = 342 ns (internal transition (100%))
¹³⁸₅₇La = 102 000 000 000 y (β⁺ (65.6%), β^- (34.4%) (isotopic abundance 0,08881%))
^138m₅₇La = 116 ns (internal transition (100%))
¹³⁸ⁿ₅₇La = 2.0 μs (internal transition (100%))
¹³⁹₅₇La = stable ( (isotopic abundance 99,91119%))
^139m₅₇La = 315 ns (internal transition (100%))
¹⁴⁰₅₇La = 40.285 h (β^- (100%))
¹⁴¹₅₇La = 3.92 h (β^- (100%))
¹⁴²₅₇La = 91.1 min (β^- (100%))
^142m₅₇La = 870 ns (internal transition (100%))
¹⁴³₅₇La = 14.2 min (β^- (100%))
¹⁴⁴₅₇La = 40.8 s (β^- (100%))
¹⁴⁵₅₇La = 24.8 s (β^- (100%))
¹⁴⁶₅₇La = 6.27 s (β^- (100%))
^146m₅₇La = 10.0 s (β^- (100%))
¹⁴⁷₅₇La = 4.06 s (β^- (100%), β^-n (0.041%))
¹⁴⁸₅₇La = 1.35 s (β^- (100%), β^-n (0.15%))
¹⁴⁹₅₇La = 1.07 s (β^- (100%), β^-n (1.43%))
¹⁵⁰₅₇La = 504 ms (β^- (100%), β^-n (2.7%))
¹⁵¹₅₇La = 465 ms (β^- (100%), β^-n )
¹⁵²₅₇La = 287 ms (β^- (100%), β^-n)
¹⁵³₅₇La = 245 ms (β^- (100%), β^-n)
¹⁵⁴₅₇La = 161 ms (β^- (100%), β^-n)
¹⁵⁵₅₇La = 101 ms (β^- (100%), β^-n)
¹⁵⁶₅₇La = 84 ms (β^- (100%), β^-n)

Vapour pressure (Torr):

1 (2156°C)
10 (2474°C)
100 (2387°C)

Electrode potential:

La³⁺ + 3e^- → La, E = -2.522 V (water, 25°C)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ_fH⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

0 (s)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

0 (s)

Standard molar entropy S⁰ (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

57.3 (s)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

27.6 (s)

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion Δ_fusH (kJ/mol):

6.7

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ_vapH (kJ/mol):

413

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ_fH⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

430 (g)

Standard molar entropy S⁰ (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

182.3 (g)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

22.8 (g)

References:

Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and metal organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.1. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1940. - pp. 887
Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 51 [Russian]
Некрасов Б.В. Основы общей химии. - Т.2. - М.: Химия, 1973. - pp. 72-73 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 75 [Russian]
Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 595 [Russian]

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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru

Properties of substance:

lanthanum

Group of substances:

Physical appearance:

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

Structural formula as text:

Molar/atomic mass: 138.91

Melting point (°C):

Boiling point (°C):

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

Numerical data:

Density:

Half-life:

Vapour pressure (Torr):

Electrode potential:

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol):

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ΔvapH (kJ/mol):

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

References:

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ_fH⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar entropy S⁰ (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion Δ_fusH (kJ/mol):

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ_vapH (kJ/mol):

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ_fH⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar entropy S⁰ (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):