barium

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Properties of substance:

barium

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

cubic metal

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

Structural formula as text:

Molar/atomic mass: 137.34

Melting point (°C):

727

Boiling point (°C):

1860

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

ammonia liquid : 153.6 (-33.4°C) [Ref.]
barium chloride fused: 22.5 (1100°C) [Ref.]
gallium: 0.77 (500°C) [Ref.]
mercury: 0.16 (0°C) [Ref.]
mercury: 0.33 (20°C) [Ref.]
mercury: 0.63 (50°C) [Ref.]
mercury: 1.29 (99°C) [Ref.]
water: reaction [Ref.]

Numerical data:

Year of discovery: 1808
Hardness on the Mohs’ scale: 2

Density:

3.76 (20°C, g/cm³)

Reactions of synthesis:

[Ref.1, Ref.2]
3BaO + Si → BaSiO₃ + 2Ba
[Ref.1, Ref.2]
3BaO + 2Al → 3Ba + Al₂O₃
[Ref.1]
Ba(N₃)₂ → Ba + 3N₂

Half-life:

¹¹⁴₅₆Ba = 460 ms (β⁺ (about 100%), β⁺p (20%), α (0.9%), heavy cluster emission ¹⁴C)
¹¹⁵₅₆Ba = 450 ms (β⁺ (100%), β⁺p)
¹¹⁶₅₆Ba = 1.3 s (β⁺ (100%), β⁺p (3%))
¹¹⁷₅₆Ba = 1.75 s (β⁺ (100%), β⁺p (13%), β⁺α (0.024%))
¹¹⁸₅₆Ba = 5.2 s (β⁺ (100%))
¹¹⁹₅₆Ba = 5.4 s (β⁺ (100%), β⁺p (25%))
¹²⁰₅₆Ba = 24 s (β⁺ (100%))
¹²¹₅₆Ba = 29.7 s (β⁺ (100%), β⁺p (0.02%))
¹²²₅₆Ba = 1.95 min (β⁺ (100%))
¹²³₅₆Ba = 2.7 min (β⁺ (100%))
^123m₅₆Ba = 830 ns (internal transition (100%))
¹²⁴₅₆Ba = 11.0 min (β⁺ (100%))
¹²⁵₅₆Ba = 3.3 min (β⁺ (100%))
^125m₅₆Ba = 2.76 μs (internal transition (100%))
¹²⁶₅₆Ba = 100 min (β⁺ (100%))
¹²⁷₅₆Ba = 12.7 min (β⁺ (100%))
^127m₅₆Ba = 1.93 s (internal transition (100%))
¹²⁸₅₆Ba = 2.43 d (electron capture (100%))
¹²⁹₅₆Ba = 2.23 h (β⁺ (100%))
^129m₅₆Ba = 2.135 h (β⁺ (about 100%))
¹³⁰₅₆Ba = 1 · 10²¹ y ( (isotopic abundance 0,106%))
^130m₅₆Ba = 9.54 ms (internal transition (100%))
¹³¹₅₆Ba = 11.52 d (β⁺ (100%))
^131m₅₆Ba = 14.26 min (internal transition (100%))
¹³²₅₆Ba = stable ( (isotopic abundance 0,101%))
¹³³₅₆Ba = 10.551 y (electron capture (100%))
^133m₅₆Ba = 38.90 h (internal transition (about 100%), electron capture (0.0104%))
¹³⁴₅₆Ba = stable ( (isotopic abundance 2,417%))
^134m₅₆Ba = 2.63 μs (internal transition (100%))
¹³⁵₅₆Ba = stable ( (isotopic abundance 6,592%))
^135m₅₆Ba = 28.11 h (internal transition (100%))
¹³⁶₅₆Ba = stable ( (isotopic abundance 7,854%))
^136m₅₆Ba = 308.4 ms (internal transition (100%))
¹³⁷₅₆Ba = stable ( (isotopic abundance 11,232%))
^137m₅₆Ba = 2.552 min (internal transition (100%))
¹³⁷ⁿ₅₆Ba = 590 ns (internal transition (100%))
¹³⁸₅₆Ba = stable ( (isotopic abundance 71,698%))
^138m₅₆Ba = 800 ns (internal transition (100%))
¹³⁹₅₆Ba = 83.13 min (β^- (100%))
¹⁴⁰₅₆Ba = 12.7527 d (β^- (100%))
¹⁴¹₅₆Ba = 18.27 min (β^- (100%))
¹⁴²₅₆Ba = 10.6 min (β^- (100%))
¹⁴³₅₆Ba = 14.5 s (β^- (100%))
¹⁴⁴₅₆Ba = 11.5 s (β^- (100%))
¹⁴⁵₅₆Ba = 4.31 s (β^- (100%))
¹⁴⁶₅₆Ba = 2.22 s (β^- (100%))
¹⁴⁷₅₆Ba = 485 ms (β^- (100%), β^-n (0.06%))
¹⁴⁸₅₆Ba = 620 ms (β^- (100%), β^-n (0.2%))
¹⁴⁹₅₆Ba = 348 ms (β^- (100%), β^-n (0.43%))
¹⁵⁰₅₆Ba = 259 ms (β^- (100%), β^-n )
¹⁵¹₅₆Ba = 167 ms (β^- (100%), β^-n )
¹⁵²₅₆Ba = 139 ms (β^- (100%), β^-n )
¹⁵³₅₆Ba = 116 ms (β^- (100%), β^-n )
¹⁵⁴₅₆Ba = 53 ms (β^- (100%))

Vapour pressure (Torr):

0.1 (724°C)
1 (861°C)
10 (1044°C)
100 (1300°C)

Electrode potential:

Ba²⁺ + 2e^- → Ba, E = -2.905 V (water, 25°C)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ_fH⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

0 (s)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

0 (s)

Standard molar entropy S⁰ (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

67 (s)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

28.7 (s)

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion Δ_fusH (kJ/mol):

8.66

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ_vapH (kJ/mol):

150.9

References:

Dean J.A. Lange's handbook of chemistry. - 1999. - pp. 3.18
Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 50 [Russian]
Неорганические синтезы. - Сб. 1. - М.: ИИЛ, 1951. - pp. 10 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 54 [Russian]
Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 1. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1988. - pp. 241-242 [Russian]
Энциклопедия для детей. - Т.17: Химия. - М.: Аванта+, 2004. - pp. 195 [Russian]

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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru

Properties of substance:

barium

Group of substances:

Physical appearance:

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

Structural formula as text:

Molar/atomic mass: 137.34

Melting point (°C):

Boiling point (°C):

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

Numerical data:

Density:

Reactions of synthesis:

Half-life:

Vapour pressure (Torr):

Electrode potential:

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol):

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ΔvapH (kJ/mol):

References:

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ_fH⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar entropy S⁰ (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion Δ_fusH (kJ/mol):

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ_vapH (kJ/mol):