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Properties of substance:
zirconium
Group of substances:
inorganic
Physical appearance:
hexagonal metal
Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):
Zr
Structural formula as text:
Zr
Molar/atomic mass: 91.22
Melting point (°C):
1855
Boiling point (°C):
4320
Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):
lithium molten
: 0.079 (700°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: 0.0005 (350°C) [
Ref.
]
sodium fused
: 0.0075 (700°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
Numerical data:
Year of discovery: 1824
Superconducting temperature (K): 0.53
Superconducting temperature (K): 0.72
Superconducting temperature (K): 1.5
Density:
6.45 (20°C, g/cm
3
)
Reactions:
[
Ref.1
]
Zr + 2F
2
→ ZrF
4
[
Ref.1
]
Zr + 2Br
2
→ ZrBr
4
Half-life:
100
40
Zr = 7.1 s (β
-
(100%))
101
40
Zr = 2.3 s (β
-
(100%))
102
40
Zr = 2.9 s (β
-
(100%))
103
40
Zr = 1.38 s (β
-
(100%))
104
40
Zr = 920 ms (β
-
(100%))
105
40
Zr = 670 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n)
106
40
Zr = 178.6 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n)
107
40
Zr = 145.7 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n)
108
40
Zr = 78.5 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n)
108m
40
Zr = 540 ns (internal transition (about 100%))
109
40
Zr = 56 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n)
110
40
Zr = 37.5 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n)
111
40
Zr = 24.0 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n)
112
40
Zr = 43 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n)
79
40
Zr = 56 ms (β
+
(100%))
80
40
Zr = 4.6 s (β
+
(100%))
81
40
Zr = 5.5 s (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (0.12%))
82
40
Zr = 32 s (β
+
(100%))
83
40
Zr = 42 s (β
+
(100%))
83m
40
Zr = 530 ns (internal transition (100%))
83n
40
Zr = 1.8 μs (internal transition (100%))
84
40
Zr = 25.8 min (β
+
(100%))
85
40
Zr = 7.86 min (β
+
(100%))
85m
40
Zr = 10.9 s (internal transition (< 100%))
86
40
Zr = 16.5 h (β
+
(100%))
87
40
Zr = 1.68 h (β
+
(100%))
87m
40
Zr = 14.0 s (internal transition (100%))
88
40
Zr = 83.4 d (electron capture (100%))
88m
40
Zr = 1.320 μs (internal transition (100%))
89
40
Zr = 78.41 h (β
+
(100%))
89m
40
Zr = 4.161 min (internal transition (100%))
90
40
Zr = stable ( (isotopic abundance 51,45%))
90m
40
Zr = 809.2 ms (internal transition (100%))
90n
40
Zr = 131 ns (internal transition (100%))
91
40
Zr = stable ( (isotopic abundance 11,22%))
91m
40
Zr = 4.35 μs (internal transition (100%))
92
40
Zr = stable ( (isotopic abundance 17,15%))
93
40
Zr = 1 610 000 y (β
-
(100%))
94
40
Zr = stable ( (isotopic abundance 17,38%))
95
40
Zr = 64.032 d (β
-
(100%))
96
40
Zr = 2.3 · 10
19
y (2β
-
(100%) (isotopic abundance 2,8%))
97
40
Zr = 16.749 h (β
-
(100%))
97m
40
Zr = 104.8 ns (internal transition (100%))
98
40
Zr = 30.7 s (β
-
(100%))
98m
40
Zr = 1.9 μs (internal transition (100%))
99
40
Zr = 2.1 s (β
-
(100%))
99m
40
Zr = 293 ns (internal transition (100%))
Vapour pressure (Torr):
0.01 (2390°C)
0.1 (2645°C)
1 (2955°C)
10 (3335°C)
Electrode potential:
Zr
4+
+ 4e
-
→ Zr, E = -1.539 V (water, 25°C)
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ
f
G
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
39 (s)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
25.36 (s)
Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion Δ
fus
H (kJ/mol):
14.6
Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ
vap
H (kJ/mol):
557.7
References:
Dean J.A. Lange's handbook of chemistry. - 1999. - pp. 3.60
Блюменталь У.Б. Химия циркония. - М.: ИИЛ, 1963 [Russian]
Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 52 [Russian]
Миллер Г.Л. Цирконий. - М.: ИИЛ, 1955 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 113 [Russian]
Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 5. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1999. - pp. 384-386 [Russian]
Энциклопедия для детей. - Т.17: Химия. - М.: Аванта+, 2004. - pp. 254-256 [Russian]
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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru
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