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Properties of substance:
yttrium
Group of substances:
inorganic
Physical appearance:
gray hexagonal metal
Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):
Y
Structural formula as text:
Y
Molar/atomic mass: 88.91
Melting point (°C):
1528
Boiling point (°C):
3300
Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):
gallium
: 1.1 (500°C) [
Ref.
]
Numerical data:
Year of discovery: 1794
Density:
4.48 (20°C, g/cm
3
)
Half-life:
100
39
Y = 735 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (0.92%))
100m
39
Y = 940 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n )
101
39
Y = 426 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (1.94%))
101m
39
Y = 190 ns (internal transition (100%))
101n
39
Y = 870 ns (internal transition (100%))
102
39
Y = 298 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (4.9%))
103
39
Y = 239 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (8%))
104
39
Y = 197 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (34%))
105
39
Y = 95 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (< 82%))
106
39
Y = 74 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n )
107
39
Y = 33.5 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n )
108
39
Y = 30 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n )
109
39
Y = 25 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n)
77
39
Y = 63 ms ()
78
39
Y = 54 ms (β
+
(100%))
79
39
Y = 14.8 s (β
+
(100%))
80
39
Y = 30.1 s (β
+
(100%))
80m
39
Y = 4.8 s (internal transition (81%), β
+
(19%))
80n
39
Y = 4.7 μs (internal transition (100%))
81
39
Y = 70.4 s (β
+
(100%))
82
39
Y = 8.30 s (β
+
(100%))
82m
39
Y = 258 ns (internal transition (100%))
82n
39
Y = 147 ns (internal transition (100%))
83
39
Y = 7.08 min (β
+
(100%))
83m
39
Y = 2.85 min (β
+
(60%), internal transition (40%))
84
39
Y = 39.5 min (β
+
(100%))
84m
39
Y = 4.6 s (β
+
(100%))
84n
39
Y = 292 ns (internal transition (100%))
85
39
Y = 2.68 h (β
+
(100%))
85m
39
Y = 4.86 h (β
+
(about 100%), internal transition)
85n
39
Y = 178 ns (internal transition (100%))
86
39
Y = 14.74 h (β
+
(100%))
86m
39
Y = 47.4 min (internal transition (99.31%), β
+
(0.69%))
86n
39
Y = 125.3 ns (internal transition (100%))
87
39
Y = 79.8 h (β
+
(100%))
87m
39
Y = 13.37 h (internal transition (98.43%), β
+
(1.57%))
88
39
Y = 106.626 d (β
+
(100%))
88m
39
Y = 301 μs (internal transition (100%))
88n
39
Y = 13.98 ms (internal transition (100%))
89
39
Y = stable ( (isotopic abundance 100%))
89m
39
Y = 15.663 s (internal transition (100%))
90
39
Y = 64.00 h (β
-
(100%))
90m
39
Y = 3.19 h (internal transition (about 100%), β
-
(0.0018%))
91
39
Y = 58.51 d (β
-
(100%))
91m
39
Y = 49.71 min (internal transition (> 98.5%), β
-
(< 1.5%))
92
39
Y = 3.54 h (β
-
(100%))
92m
39
Y = 3.7 μs (internal transition (100%))
93
39
Y = 10.18 h (β
-
(100%))
93m
39
Y = 820 ms (internal transition (100%))
94
39
Y = 18.7 min (β
-
(100%))
94m
39
Y = 1.295 μs (internal transition (100%))
95
39
Y = 10.3 min (β
-
(100%))
95m
39
Y = 48.6 μs (internal transition (100%))
96
39
Y = 5.34 s (β
-
(100%))
96m
39
Y = 9.6 s (β
-
(100%))
97
39
Y = 3.75 s (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (0.055%))
97m
39
Y = 1.17 s (β
-
(> 99.3%))
97n
39
Y = 142 ms (internal transition (94.8%), β
-
(5.2%))
98
39
Y = 548 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (0.331%))
98m
39
Y = 2.0 s ()
98n
39
Y = 610 ns (internal transition (100%))
98p
39
Y = 6.87 μs (internal transition (100%))
98q
39
Y = 806 ns (internal transition (100%))
99
39
Y = 1.484 s (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (1.7%))
99m
39
Y = 8.6 μs (internal transition (100%))
Vapour pressure (Torr):
0.01 (1652°C)
0.1 (1847°C)
1 (2080°C)
10 (2470°C)
100 (2830°C)
Electrode potential:
Y
3+
+ 3e
-
→ Y, E = -2.372 V (water, 25°C)
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ
f
G
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
46 (s)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
25.1 (s)
References:
Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 50 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 66 [Russian]
Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 2. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990. - pp. 277-278 [Russian]
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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru
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