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Properties of substance:
rubidium
Group of substances:
inorganic
Physical appearance:
cubic metal
Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):
Rb
Structural formula as text:
Rb
Molar/atomic mass: 85.47
Melting point (°C):
39.3
Boiling point (°C):
690
Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):
ammonia liquid
: soluble [
Ref.
]
ethanol
: reaction [
Ref.
]
ethylenediamine
: 0.124 (20°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: 0.93 (0°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: 1.56 (18°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: 1.22 (19.5°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: 1.39 (25°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: reaction [
Ref.
]
Numerical data:
Year of discovery: 1861
Hardness on the Mohs’ scale: 0.3
Density:
1.532 (20°C, g/cm
3
)
1.475 (39°C, g/cm
3
)
Half-life:
100
37
Rb = 48 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (6%), β
-
2n (0.16%))
101
37
Rb = 31.8 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (28%))
102
37
Rb = 37 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (65%))
103
37
Rb = 26 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n )
74
37
Rb = 64.776 ms (β
+
(100%))
75
37
Rb = 88 ms (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (5.2%))
76
37
Rb = 36.5 s (β
+
(100%), β
+
α (0.000 000 38%))
76m
37
Rb = 3.050 μs (internal transition (100%))
77
37
Rb = 3.78 min (β
+
(100%))
78
37
Rb = 17.66 min (β
+
(100%))
78m
37
Rb = 910 ns (internal transition (100%))
78n
37
Rb = 5.74 min (β
+
(91%), internal transition (9%))
79
37
Rb = 22.9 min (β
+
(100%))
80
37
Rb = 33.4 s (β
+
(100%))
81
37
Rb = 4.572 h (β
+
(100%))
81m
37
Rb = 30.5 min (internal transition (97.6%), β
+
(2.4%))
82
37
Rb = 1.273 min (β
+
(100%))
82m
37
Rb = 6.472 h (β
+
(about 100%))
83
37
Rb = 86.2 d (electron capture (100%))
83m
37
Rb = 7.8 ms (internal transition (100%))
84
37
Rb = 32.82 d (β
+
(96.1%), β
-
(3.9%))
84m
37
Rb = 20.26 min (internal transition (about 100%))
85
37
Rb = stable ( (isotopic abundance 72,17%))
85m
37
Rb = 1.015 μs (internal transition (100%))
86
37
Rb = 18.642 d (β
-
(about 100%), electron capture (0.0052%))
86m
37
Rb = 1.017 min (internal transition (about 100%))
87
37
Rb = 49 700 000 000 y (2β
-
(100%) (isotopic abundance 27,83%))
88
37
Rb = 17.773 min (β
-
(100%))
88m
37
Rb = 123 ns (internal transition (100%))
89
37
Rb = 15.32 min (β
-
(100%))
90
37
Rb = 158 s (β
-
(100%))
90m
37
Rb = 258 s (β
-
(97.4%), internal transition (2.6%))
91
37
Rb = 58.2 s (β
-
(100%))
92
37
Rb = 4.48 s (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (0.0107%))
93
37
Rb = 5.84 s (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (1.39%))
94
37
Rb = 2.702 s (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (10.5%))
94m
37
Rb = 107 ns (internal transition (100%))
95
37
Rb = 377.7 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (8.7%))
96
37
Rb = 201 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (13.3%))
96n
37
Rb = 1.80 μs (internal transition (100%))
97
37
Rb = 169.1 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (25.5%))
98
37
Rb = 114 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (13.8%), β
-
2n (0.051%))
99
37
Rb = 56.4 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (15.8%))
Vapour pressure (Torr):
0.01 (127°C)
0.1 (170°C)
1 (294°C)
10 (387°C)
100 (519°C)
Electrode potential:
Rb
+
+ e
-
→ Rb, E = -2.925 V (water, 25°C)
Rb
+
+ Hg + e
-
→ Rb(Hg), E = -1.81 V (water, 25°C)
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ
f
G
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
75.7 (s)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
30.8 (s)
Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion Δ
fus
H (kJ/mol):
2.18
Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ
vap
H (kJ/mol):
75.77
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
80.9 (g)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
169.98 (g)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
20.79 (g)
References:
Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 51 [Russian]
Локшин Э.П., Воскобойников Н.Б. Рубидий и цезий. - Апатиты, 1996 [Russian]
Неорганические синтезы. - Сб. 1. - М.: ИИЛ, 1951. - pp. 10 [Russian]
Плющев В.Е., Степин Б.Д. Аналитическая химия рубидия и цезия. - М.: Наука, 1975. - pp. 12-13 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 93 [Russian]
Свойства элементов. - под общей редакцией Дрица М.Е. - М.: Металлургия, 1985. - pp. 49-54 [Russian]
Химия и технология редких и рассеянных элементов. - Ч. 1. - М.: Высшая школа, 1976. - pp. 83-85 [Russian]
Энциклопедия для детей. - Т.17: Химия. - М.: Аванта+, 2004. - pp. 184-186 [Russian]
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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru
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