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Properties of substance:

silicon

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

cubic crystals

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

Si

Structural formula as text:

Si

Molar/atomic mass: 28.09

Melting point (°C):

1420

Boiling point (°C):

3300

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

aluminum fused: soluble [Ref.]
hydrogen fluoride : insoluble [Ref.]
lead: 0.024 (1250°C) [Ref.]
mercury: insoluble [Ref.]
silver: 9.22 (970°C) [Ref.]
water: insoluble [Ref.]

Numerical data:

Year of discovery: 1811
Hardness on the Mohs’ scale: 7

Density:

2.33 (20°C, g/cm3)

Reactions:

  1. [Ref.1]
    Si + Cl2 → SiCl4
  2. [Ref.1aster]
    Si + 3HBr → SiHBr3 + H2
  3. [Ref.1]
    Si + 2S → SiS2
  4. [Ref.1, Ref.2aster]
    3BaO + Si → BaSiO3 + 2Ba

Half-life:

2214Si = 29 ms (β+ (100%), β+p (32%))
2314Si = 42.3 ms (β+ (100%), β+p (88%))
2414Si = 140 ms (β+ (100%), β+p (37.6%))
2514Si = 220 ms (β+ (100%), β+p (36.8%))
2614Si = 2.234 s (β+ (100%))
2714Si = 4.16 s (β+ (100%))
2814Si = stable ( (isotopic abundance 92,2297%))
2914Si = stable ( (isotopic abundance 4,6832%))
3014Si = stable ( (isotopic abundance 3,0872%))
3114Si = 157.3 min (β- (100%))
3214Si = 132 y (β- (100%))
3314Si = 6.18 s (β- (100%))
3414Si = 2.77 s (β- (100%))
3514Si = 780 ms (β- (100%))
3614Si = 450 ms (β- (100%), β-n (12%))
3714Si = 90 ms (β- (100%), β-n (17%))
3814Si = 90 ms (about) ()

Vapour pressure (Torr):

0.1 (1477°C)
1 (1665°C)
10 (1910°C)
100 (2239°C)

Surface tension (mN/m):

725 (1450°C)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

0 (s)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

0 (s)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

18.82 (s)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

20.04 (s)

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol):

49.8

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ΔvapH (kJ/mol):

355.6

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

452 (g)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

167.9 (g)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

22.3 (g)

References:

  1. Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and metal organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.1. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1940. - pp. 1487
  2. Гринвуд Н., Эрншо А. Химия элементов. - Т.1. - М.: БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний, 2008. - pp. 310-316 [Russian]
  3. Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 51 [Russian]
  4. Некрасов Б.В. Основы общей химии. - Т.1. - М.: Химия, 1973. - pp. 583, 586-587 [Russian]
  5. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 74 [Russian]
  6. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 595-596 [Russian]
  7. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 2. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990. - pp. 508-509 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru